The Great Gatsby in the American Dream Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby in the American pipe dream EssayThe 1920s and 1930s represent two decades in our countrys accounting that were very much connected to one another but extremely different in the economy. The Great Gatsby takes place during the roaring 20s, a time of prodigal parties and attempts at finding happiness after World War I. On the other hand, The Grapes of Wrath takes place during the 30s while America is suffering from the Great slack and hoi polloi are leaving their homes and lives to find success and work in California. Although the times were very different economically, both were taken over by mess striving for the American Dream of wealthiness and social status in an attempt of getting happiness, success, and a better life. During the 20s, people wanted to escape the terrors of the war and during the 30s they were attempting to survive during the devastation of the Great Depression.Both The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath do an amazing job of repres enting peoples desires for the American Dream and to a greater extent specifically the failure kinda than success that came as a result of their efforts. The American Dream depicted by The Grapes of Wrath is very different from the dream of the 20s and The Great Gatsby. For one, money and wealth is much scarcer and extravagant parties are far from peoples minds. In The Grapes of Wrath there is a very distinct line between the rich and the poor and this breakup increases as those who are rich go to all lengths to ensure that they remain in the upper class. Many of the upper class seem to live in California where there is land and opportunity, while much of the lower class consists of dust- manger farmers who have been forced to leave their land and travel to California in take care of work.The land owners in California are afraid that these dust-bowl farmers will eventually take over their property and make it their own, so they are doing everything in their ply to ensure that the poor farmers are not successful. Even still, they hire them for their dirty work and treat them poorly as there are many to a greater extent to take their place. Many of the poor farmers begin turning their backs on their families and friends in an attempt at succeeding as individuals. This selfish strength is the same attitude held by the California land owners who are unwilling to share their fortune with anyone else due to fear and lack of trust. The Grapes of Wrath builds up several different dreams for the American depending on their background. The California land owners dreams consist of eagerness for wealth and greed to remain in a position of power over the dust bowl farmers that are working their land.On the other hand, many of the poor farmers have simple dreams of just keeping their dignity and not allowing themselves to give up on their families. In the end, it is the Joad familys ability to keep their dignity and hold together as a family that helps them to rise abov e all of the tragedies they encounter. The Grapes of Wrath concludes with a much more hopeful tone than The Great Gatsby and passes on to the reader the importance of men connector together and doing what is right for all of mankind as opposed to what is close to beneficial to the individual. Jim Casys death in Chapter 26 is a perfect example of how the California land owners are threatened by the idea of the poor farmers joining together and revolting.His death is also an example of how a man or woman can make an unselfish decision and risk what is best for them respectively to do what is best for all of mankind. Tom is very struck by Casys bravery and finds the power within himself to follow in Casys footsteps and help unite people to fight the injustices of their current situation. His own dream becomes an attempt to do all he can to better life for the common American man. The American Dream was not only different in the 20s than it was in the 30s, but it has continued to evo lve and change up through today. Despite the differences in these dreams, there is a central goal to all of them the pursuit of happiness. In both of these books and much of the world today, people seek and dream of attaining just utter happiness.For centuries, lots of people have been trying to obtain money, careers, success, and more. Although these dreams are separate from one another, they are all just a means by which people feel they whitethorn hopefully obtain their dream of being happy. The question is when will people begin to realize that it is not these materialistic goals that will provide them with happiness, but instead things like humility, love, family, and religion? These are true sources of happiness and real answers to the American Dream.

Wynn Resort Essay Example for Free

Wynn Resort EssayExecutive Summary1.) PurposeTo know if what is the overall strategy of Steve Wynn to make Wynn Resorts, Ltd. on the right track and quite a remarkable keep company.2.) Statement of the ProblemThere are three problems which I found out in the case, and these are the three challenges that Wynn will have to face, and the futurity may throw some curveballs along the way. First is need to secure a way to maintain the competitive advantage as increased competitor is introduce both domestically and abroad into the gaming industry. Second, The Macau government reserves the right to take control of the Wynn Casino in 2017 this would be detrimental to the benefit for the company, and some solutions will need to be devised to ensure that the survival of the company is not majorly dependent on the revenues generated by Wynn Macau bushel and casino. A third adjoin about future success, unless certainly not the final concern, is the want of Steve Wynn himself. Losing Steve Wynn would mean losing his expertise, passion and governmental ties. In the most likely scenario, a loss of Steve Wynn may result in the sale of the firm to a competing company, such as MGM Inc.3.) Alternative Courses and ActionsWynn must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the resorts. Wynn Rsort must enhance customers service and luxury as full-service provider.4.) RecommendationWynn must not only focus to target high-end gaming customers, but he must also offer affordable goods and services to the middle-income clients. This segment includes vacationers and younger people looking for relatively inexpensive place to say with the taking into custody that most of their budget will go to dining and entertainment.Methods of Analysis1. SWOT AnalysisSWOT ANALYSISStrengths 1. The greatest operational strength Wynn Resorts, Ltd. has is the founder himself, Steve Wynn. 2. The resort has earned AAA five diamond, Mobil five-star, Forbe s five-star, and Michelin five star ratings for hotel, as well as one Michelin star for restaurant Wing Lei, and is considered to be one of the finest hotels in the world. 3. One of Wynn Resorts greatest securities industrying strength is strategic development of its product. The product that Wynn sells is a luxury destination experience that makes customers feel pampered and value through high-quality comforts and customer service. 4. Steve Wynn is widely considered the Father of Luxury Gambling, and he is largely responsible for the image change and societal perspective change of the city of Las Vegas. Weaknesses 1.The companys complete dependence of Steve Wynn is a significant weakness. 2. Focusing solely on the high-end market could be a marketing weakness in that Wynn is scatty a large customer base of middle-income clients. 3. Wynn Resorts biggest disadvantage is its youth. MGM Resorts and Caesars Entertainment are companies with history and territory. They have the majori ty of premier legal gambling locations such as Atlantic city under their thumb and they will create difficult barriers to entry for Wynn Resorts. Opportunities 1. As the boomers retire, they are spending more money on waste and recreation, and they are piling into the casinos, this growing represents an opportunity for the gaming industry and for Wynn Resorts specifically. 2. The development of a casino in Macau is a strategic opportunity.3. Wynn Macau provides the opportunity for cross-marketing with Wynn Las Vegas, because the target market segment in both Wynn Las Vegas and Wynn Macau is high income, customers have resources to travel and vacation in other parts of the world, which can make cross-marketing very effective. Threats 1. Social norms in the United States differ from those practiced in Macau and should not be universally applied. 2. The ability of the government to take control of the casino at any eon it deems appropriate is a significant threat to the success of Wy nn Resorts because it could lose control of its operation in Macau. 3. Another threat exists in the possibility of Wynn Resorts, Ltd. being inefficient to collect on its gaming debts. 4. The loss of Steve Wynn, himself.Bibliography1. http//www.studymode.com/essays/Swot-Analysis-Wynn-Ltd-946073.html 2. http//www.investingvalue.com/investment-leaders/steve-wynn/index.html

Community Participation In Disaster Management

Community Participation In hap ManagementThough we have argued that connection segmentationicipation in the context of disaster management is imperative, in that respect atomic number 18 still several debates under the context of participatory victimisation that could somehow influence its successful implementation, hence, should be taken into account especially during the grooming phase of the CBDRM.First, the complexity of individual motivations. It is difficult to move a biotic association of interests towards a certain direction, particularly if the members have different interests and motivations. As noted earlier, community is a complex social structure comprised of different perspectives, opinions and motivations. Conversely, motivation and willingness to participate is dictated by individual thinking and determined by own key interests. Their experiences on disasters could influence their behavior however for community members who have not experienced extreme rude( a) disaster, raising their interest in pr hithertotion and mental object building becomes much difficult as it seems abstract for them, unlike physical or structural measures that are visible and tangible such as initiation early warning devices, etc. Similarly, exposure to external aids could influence communitys interest to participate this is in particular to urban areas, who have become alter to receiving external assistance thus their reluctance to undertake venture management on their own (Solo, n.d.).Another area under this is the personal-driven motivations with vested interests that could influence, hamper or even deviate the result of the participatory development process. And politicians or soon to be politicians find this kind of activity personally beneficial for them by earning popularity.Second, participation requires causal agency and time. The CBDRM implementation is comprised of various activities, such as planning and capacity buildings, that require active and continuous participation from various stakeholders. While these activities involved a spacious time and effort, some community members perceive these series of participation as waste of time and/or economically unproductive activity, thus opt to revolve about more on their work and earn money, instead. While for the part of the organizer, participatory process such as ordinary consultation is also time consuming. Organizing requires befitting and detailed planning for scheduling of activities, identifying stakeholders, sending out invitation and confirming attendance. The quality and productivity of the activity is exciseed by the possible low turn-out of attendance among shoot for participants.Third, restricted women participation and cultural boundaries. The CBDRM puts emphasis on the different risks and vulnerabilities faced by members of the communities, such that, male perceived risks differently as compared to female, and similar with big to children. However, some culture restricts participation and voluntarism concrete example is on women participation. There are some cultures that confine womens role within the boundaries of domestic activities. Despite the actual effort to gender mainstream disaster reduction, with the consequent enormous household tasks directly or indirectly imposed to them, these offer women less time to interact in social activities and participate in community development actions.Fourth, topical anesthetic anaesthetic power relation within the community. The dynamics that exists within the community is clearly manifested on the family relationship between the rich and poor, elite and commoners, and literate and illiterate. These relationships bring us to the questions on who can authorizedly participate, who can talk and verbalize their opinions during public consultations or workshops. ofttimes times, those who are well-informed and have time to participate dominate the discussion, while leaving behind the poor and the illiterate who has the greater degree of vulnerability. To put punctuate further, the UNDP asserts that the communities who are around vulnerable to essential events are frequently those who have a disproportionately high number of illiterate members (Solo, n.d.).Fifth, local intimacy influenced by local power relations. CBDRM builds on the existing local knowledge to assess community risks, and serve as basis in developing plans. However, local knowledge can be influenced by local power relations, authority and gender (Mosse, 2002). Other personalities or stakeholders may impute their own interests to or influence the local knowledge which may not necessarily resolve the issues of disaster risks or lead to greater and common interests of all of improving community resiliency. AndFifth, creating development outwear among stakeholders. Since participatory development is among the most popular adventes in development, many development initiatives have embraced and integ rated it within their programs and checks. Consultations and/or collaboration among stakeholders has been repeatedly being undertaken on different stages of one or more different programs and hurls, this repeated process could eventually create fatigue among stakeholders, especially when despite of continuing consultations no packaging or progress is achieved.These are some of the limitations and challenges that may be faced by hurl implementers of CBDRM within the scope of participatory development. These limitations only follows that bringing real community participation to risk management is a difficult task which all actors should understand or at least recognize (Solo, n.d.26).And to understand more what CBDRM is as applied to real world, the next part gives us practical examples illustrating how effective implementation of CBDRM could potentially improve community resiliency.CBDRM Good PracticesGlobally, CBDRM has been promoted as an approach to improve community resilien cy. International development organizations and non-government organizations strongly lobby CBDRM for policy adoption and mainstreaming in the disaster management framework of national and local governments. Currently, most CBDRM projects are led by local and international NGOs, either in partnership with other civil society organizations, NGOs, international development organizations or local government. The UN ISDR compiled salutary practices in CBDRM that illustrates how communities have worked together towards a common goal and benefitted from their undertaking. Directly lifted from the UN ISDR study, entitled Building Disaster Resilient Communities Good Practices and Lessons erudite (2007), below are some of the examples of CBDRM practices that link with climate change adaptation and utilize in different countries considered highly vulnerable.Involving community members in increasing public awareness and capacity building through creating information bear ons to enhance the safety of the population at risk is cited as sizable practice. The project is an information campaign which stimulates creativeness and innovativeness from the local actors and similarly optimizes local talents, knowledge, and local resources in a way easily comprehensible to the local community members. This is a project implemented in Haiti in 22 settlements in coordination with their Local Civil Protection Committees (LCPCs) through the assistance from Oxfam GB. Natural hazards such as earthquakes have been continuously affect the country of Haiti, while its urban areas are characterized with its dense urban population and dense built areas this make the country more vulnerable (UN-ISDR, 2007).Another good practice is on creating access among low income groups to disaster micro-insurance scheme. Taking into account that risk transfer fend fors sustainable economic recovery, micro-insurance could serve as a dampen to lessen impact of disaster, particularly among the poor vict ims whom majority have limited or no access to risk transfer schemes. The micro-insurance represents an innovative approach to friend the victims wherein risk is transferred from the individual level to the community or inter-community levels. With the implementation of micro-insurance, this elicit positive feedbacks from the communities claiming that insurance in times of crisis is essential, the affordability of the scheme makes it accessible for the poor households, and which then result to reduced dependence from outside relief. This is the approach of the Afat Vimo scheme, a project implemented in India after a major earthquake exposed the community members to disaster-induced financial losses. The project is said to be part of the Regional Risk Transfer Initiative, an action learning project of the Gujaratbased All India Disaster Mitigation land (UN-ISDR, 2007).With the long drought being experienced, crop failures and the consequent intellectual nourishment shortage, this has led a community in Indonesia to identify a mechanism to prevent food shortage. The community established a monitoring system for food security system and livelihood and community early warning system largely based from their natural knowledge in combination with modern science, which the UN ISDR (2007) considered a good practice. The project has three components community awareness and indicator development to monitor food security and livelihood community early warning system and advocacy on appropriate agricultural system such as promotion of crops suitable for drought-prone land. The project is in partnership with local NGO aiming to increase community resilience from drought in Southeastern Indonesia. The region is characterized by experiencing a three-month rainy anneal and a nine-month drought season. Problems on food shortage is said to be brought by lack of climate-related knowledge and information that results to crop failure (UN-ISDR, 2007).Another good practice pr oject where it illustrates that local context of communities can be a dynamic force in reducing risks, is on creating flood and typhoon-resilient homes through employing a cost-effective retrofitting. The project was initiated to put emphasis on the capacity of families and local communities in playing a key role in Vietnams disaster risk reduction strategy and in reducing their vulnerabilities, which during the project implementation, community-based disaster risk reduction, is still not integrated. The process involves community consultation and preventive action planning. The project is Development Workshop France (DWF), a program initiated in Vietnam through Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and European Commission Humanitarian aid military post (ECHO). The severe typhoons and floods bear upon the country have resulted to damage and loss of housing in the affected communities (UN-ISDR, 2007).In order to understand current local environmental situation, develop a wareness and capacity to deal with, and to contribute to relevant policy formulation, one of the communities in Namibia established an inter-community platform and local-level monitoring as support for local decision making. The plat-form serves as medium for community organization and communication. Moreover, the approach strengthens capacity among the community to coordinate their own activities and preparing their development plans. The local-level monitoring, on the other hand, is used to support information exchange and decision making. The monitoring scheme, where community members themselves have identified the relevant indicators, serves as a tool for identification of environmental changes that may affect their livelihoods furthermore, the results are used as basis for decisions on management actions, climate variability, policy changes, etc. Overall, the community benefits from the project by improving their capacities and promoting institutional development which conseque ntly lead to enhanced resource management and livelihoods and increased capacity to manage and reduce risks related to drought and desertification and other potential disasters. This project in Namibia has influenced several government policy instruments with on-going derivative projects. Namibia is experiencing drought and desertification which impacts the livelihoods of people living in drylands. Poverty, increasing population, urbanization, naturally variable climate, climate change, lack of community organizations, governmental issues and other pressures further compound the problem (UN-ISDR, 2007).The convergence of a community-level approach and city governments participation strengthens sustainability and ownership this is the underlying assumption in one of the CBDRM projects in the Philippines. Wherein, it mainstream community-based mitigation in the city governance through partnering with the local government in the implementation of the project. The project has five (5) components, these are (i) CBDRM participatory risk judgement training of trainers (ToT) for the city officials, who in turn provide training to communities reactivation of the City Disaster Coordinating Council and Community Disaster Coordinating Council institutionalization of a school Disaster Safety Day celebration of the Disaster Safety Day in all schools developing and implementing a City Disaster Risk Reduction Plan. This is a CBDRM project implemented in the Philippines through Asian Disaster Preparedness Center and in partnership with the city local government. The country is among countries with highest exposure to natural hazards, a climate hotspot and belongs to the most natural disaster prone countries (UN-ISDR, 2007).These are some of the CBDRM examples which, as we noted and apparent feature in these cases, are highly participatory in nature, engaging various stakeholders in different phases of project management as resource base, while trying to address vulnerabiliti es and recognizing impacts of natural hazards with the goal of strengthening community resiliency.However linking to the shortcomings of participatory development, these initiatives have, likewise, recognized challenges in the implementation of the project from the perspective of the project team, community level, and in partnering with the local government. For the part of the project organizer, it is on the project activities being time consuming which requires them to maintain efforts and demonstrate firmness, in terms of supervision and support, to ensure good quality output. For community level, it is on convincing communities on the process of participatory development and reassuring that social systems and cultures would be respected motivating community members and elaborating the benefits they can derive from the project maintaining community consensus and achieving behavioral change ensuring and keeping up community participation throughout the project period through moti vation and enhancing or broadening community members local knowledge to enable a more participatory assessment. Moreover, the political and administrative culture such as top-down approach and government-led planning affecting project implementation while support both from the local government and the community for long-term sustainability (UN-ISDR, 2007).The last part allows us to step back from the nominate of this study, summarizing the arguments and concluding whether CBDRM is an effective approach to climate change adaptation. Likewise, it will give us some ideas where the study can have wider implications for possible future emphasis of research.

What Is Whistle Blowing Philosophy Essay

What Is Whistle Blowing Philosophy EssayWhistle-blowing is a disclosure by organization members of illegal, immoral or un estimable practices under the control of their employer, to persons or organizations that whitethorn affect treat.Immoral practices can be violation of law, violation of public interest such as fraud, violation of health/safety, corruption and so forth the organizations that may affect this action can be media, public interest groups, enforcement agencies etc.TYPES OF WHISTLEBLOWINGInternal whistle-blowingTo report misconduct to a fellow employee or ranking(prenominal) management in spite of appearance the company.External whistle-blowingReport misconduct to out ramp entities or general public.ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO WHISTLE-BLOWINGThe generally prevailing view of the whistleblower inwardly business on the part of the management and colleagues is that this person is the traitor to the organization.(Richard DeGeorge)Employees overhear both moral and legal c ompacts to be loyal to their employees.(Beauchamp and Browie)Whistle-blowing is a conflicting enumerate in terms of employee loyalty. On cardinal hand it may be seen as loyal and on another, disloyal. It is assumed that employees reserve a vow to harbor the dealings of the organization.External whistle-blowing is ill-timed because an employee has a contractual duty to be loyal to corporation he is working in. Whereas Ronald Duska says unmatchable does not have an obligation of loyalty to a company, even a prima facie one, because companies atomic number 18 not the kind of things that ar properly objects of loyalty.This means it is impossible to associate loyalty with a company because it is an abstract entity. Because company does not have a mind of its own, instead, it is made up of people working towards the same goal.A whistle-blower is not disloyal in reality. We can make an melodic phrase that a whistle-blower shows greater loyalty as compared to the person who ignores any malpractices in the organization.Whistle-blowing is a suffer act of conscience and a person who blows the whistle may carry heavy personal costs.One should do what is right, disoriented income can be re fit(p) except lost self-esteem is difficult to retrieve.IS THERE A RIGHT TO BLOW THE WHISTLE?Nobody can answer whether blowing whistle is good or shitty because the problem is that it has effects, good as well as bad. Sometimes whistle-blowing causes more problem than good. If there is an issue that has to be addressed to the top authorities hence it should be channeled through right authorities.If a whistle-blower starts talking to his co-workers about some malpractices, the office environment gets effected. And also the claims of whistle-blower are not incessantly genuine. As a result other employees get dragged into it unnecessarily and company gets involved in lawsuits. By the time the company proves its innocence it has already suffered a loss of thousands of dollars.W histle-blower should approach the internal authority prior to externally blowing the whistle. Because sometimes the top management is not aware of the problem and employees make the feature worse by blowing the whistle.An employee has an ethical obligation to blow the whistle. It is beneficial for him to act ethically and show loyalty by not only obeying the rules and regulations of the company unless also reporting genuine wrongdoings that may affect the public at large.ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON WHISTLE-BLOWINGDEONTOLOGICAL ETHICSFor example, a company is making unsafe consumer increases in order to save some money. An employee working in that organization sees this as immoral and reports the media about it. A whistle-blower would do this according to Kants duty-based ethics. Moral obligations have nothing to do with consequences.RIGHTS THEORYWhistle-blowing is not morally required according to rights theory. Everyone has a welfare right to make income and support themselves and t heir family, so they cannot do this without a job. By blowing the whistle he/she may get laid-off so it is better to ignore any malpractices in the organization.UTILITARIANISMUtilitarianism is based on principle to count on the consequences of an action. Utilitarianism is more clearly understood by cost-benefit analysis. Whistle-blowing has many moral venues. On one side the welfare of employees must be considered and on the other side the consumer. Utilitarian simplify whistleblowing by pleasure versus pain issue. If whistle-blowing will generate less pain than pleasure then it is a good act. If not, then it is wrong and unethicalTHE FORD PINTO CASEIn the carrefour Pinto case it is a well-known fact that before the production of this car Ford engineers were aware of Pintos potency for catastrophe. They had a crash test at a top secret site and every test at 25mph resulted in ruptured gas tank of the car. Ford employees under the oath denied this fact and this car flooded the m arket for about eight years. An internal cost-benefit analysis illustrated that it was not profitable for the company to make changes currentlyer. Thus, they placed monetary worth on human life. Total benefit was $49.5 million and total cost was $137 million. indeed, none of the employees blew the whistle because they had a upkeep of being fired from the job.ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEProphet Mohammad PBUH verbalizeDiscussions are confidential (not subject to disclosure) except in three places shedding unlawful blood, unlawful cohabitation and unlawful accretion of wealth.(Abu Dawud)Prophet of Allah (P.B.U.H.) saidHe who saw Munkar (wrongdoing) amongst you should prevent it with his hand, if unable to, then with his mouth (i.e. whistle blowing), if unable to, then (dislike it) in his heart and that is the least of faith.(Abu said al khudri)These sayings of Prophet Muhammad proved that whistle-blowing is also encouraged by Islam.Richard De Georges Theory of WhistleblowingThe philosopher Richard DeGeorge proposed that external whistleblowing is morally permissible when three conditions are fulfilled. Whistleblowing is termed as acceptable by DeGeorge when following three conditions are metIf any product or policy cause serious harm for the general public.If an employee realizes an intense danger to the consumer of a product he or she should report it to his supervisor. Therefore manager responsible for the manufacturing of the product should be aware of its threat.If an employees immediate supervisor does not take the moral fretfulness regarding the product into account, thus the internal chain of command has been exhausted.The firstcriteria explain the intensity of issue. The explanation of harm can be assessed in terms of physical, emotional or financial harm. The second and third criteria can be interpreted that employee tried hi level best to address via internal means.DeGeorge holds that whistleblowing becomes morally required when in addition to the previous three conditions the following two conditions are metThere is sufficient accessible documented evidence available to convince an impartial individual.The employee must have valid and strong reason that by going public, necessary changes will be brought. Moreover, benefits of whistleblowing must be worth the risks one takes and the dangers to which one is encountered.WORLDCOMS whistle blowerCynthia Cooper CaseIn March 2002, when WorldCom was struggling tocoordinate and integrate the complex mess created by the 65 companies it had acquired, World-Coms highly respected chief financial officer,Scott Sullivan, move $400 million from a reserve account and recorded it as income in the companys public financial reports. Alerted to this, CynthiaCooper, the perfectionist head of WorldComs internal audit department, began to secretly examinethe companys books. Shesoon discovered that Scott Sullivan and David Myers, for years had publicly reported billionsof dollars as capital expenditures w hen they were in real the operating costs. Uncollectible receivables were ignored, and reported asincome what were reallyreserve funds, and did all this with the help of ArthurAndersen, the companys meeter and accounting firm. Though angrily threatened by Sullivan, andrisking her job and career, on June 20, 2002, Cynthia Cooper courageously met with the auditcommittee of WorldComs board of directors andtoldthem what had been going on. On June 25, World-Coms directors announced the company hadinflatedits cyberspace by over $3.8 billion-an amount laterroseto $9 billion-is the greatest accounting fraud in history. Sullivan and Myers were arrested WorldComs shareholders lost $3 billion 17,000 WorldCom workers lost their jobs.It was the biggest fraud in U.S. corporate history. WorldCom declared bankruptcy in July 2002, after its stocks value had declined by $180 billion and its founder Bernard Ebbers had left the company. CynthiaCooper was later recognized as one of the three Persons o f the Year by Time Magazine.Analysis Based on Kantian EthicsPhilosopher Immanuel Kant is renowned for his ethical theory which is categorized under Deontological ethics. harmonize to his theory it can be assessed that it is the intention behind an action rather its consequences that make an action good. Deontological Moral system is based on the categorical imperative. harmonise to Kant to act from a good will is to act from a duty. The act of Cynthia Coopers whistleblowing fits into this categorical imperative of duty to do the right thing. The sole motive of the action is report financial offense there are no monetary gains or self-interested motives. A Kantian view justifies Cynthia Coopers whistleblowing as reporting financial crime is morallyright thing to do, thus moral obligation has nothing to do with consequences.Since Kant believed that every action has a maxim, we need to ask what would happen if the principle (maxim) of an action were a universal law (one that everyone acted on). Would a mankind where everyone acted on that principle be possible? If it can, then the decision to act would be morally permissible (Bowie, 1999). Therefore the proposed act of whistleblowing passes Kants test of universizability. If whistleblowing were a universal principle, all would benefit from the transparency and investor confidence would be maximized therefore, according to Kant, the act of whistleblowing is morally permissible.Analysis based on Kohlbergs Moral theory of DevelopmentKohlbergs theory is useful because it helps us understand how our moral capacitiesdevelop and reveals how we may mature in our understanding of our own moralstandards. According to Kohlberg Cynthia reached the 6th stage of moral development Universal Moral Principles Orientation. This is because at thisPost conventional stage, rightactioncomesto be definedin termsof moralprinciples chosenbecause of their reasonableness, universality, and consistency. Cynthia believed that handling of financial accounts is a universal crime and therefore she reported the misconduct based on the moral principle orientation. Cynthia Cooper justified her choices on the stern of moral principles and obligations as during the interview with Times Magazine she saidThere is a price to be paid. But it comes back to the values and ethics that you learn..The fear of losing my job was secondary to the obligation I felt.WHISTLE BLOWING IN PAKISTANWhistle blowing internal and external is usually not practical for employees in Pakistan because they dont posses the resources either within the firm or within the civil society. They lack strong moral beliefs, confidence, will power and commitments and are scared of the consequences. Today, media especially journalism is acting as a whistleblower to the public.The current political environment in Pakistan threatens whistle blowers in a corporation from upholding their voices against illegal practices of their organization. Employees who blow whi stle are refrained from doing so and observe difficulties and barriers such as life threats, political insecurity, risk of career and family insecurity.In our country, unsafe medical practices and unethical behavior is at such a high level and widely spread that blowing a whistle to alarm the authority would be simply inaudible. Health care fraud is very habitual in Pakistan. False claims, patients required paying illegal fees, absence of staff and refusing to see patients in government hospitals and referring them to private clinics are violating ethical spheres.95% of the macrocosm in Pakistan holds the view that our health sector is corrupt. The fear of been victimized, loosing the job and career, is the main concern very often trainee doctors keep quiet and do not provide their voice against their seniors.RICHARD BARLOWS CASERichard Barlowis anAmericanintelligence analyst and a former senior member of theCentral Intelligence Agency. He lost his job and was aerated of being di sloyal to CIA. Barlow learned that the top US officials were allowing the sale of the F-16 fighters to Pakistan in 1989. It was against the 1985Pressler amendment of theForeign Assistance Actwhich prohibited the sale of anymaterial or armaments which might assist in the development or manufacturing of nuclear weapons.He also found that the officials were concealing this information from Congress since telling the truth would have legally obligated US government to restrain from giving military aid to Pakistan at the time when it was being provided, through Pakistan, to Afghanistan against Soviet Union.Barlow therefore blew a whistle without considering the consequences. As a result he was asked to prove himself before Congress and court. He was charged of being a traitor and an adulterer. He lost his job. It was life altering experience for him which damaged his marriage, career and left irreparable dents on his character.He is quoted as saying They smeared my name in truly awful w ays that no one had ever seen beforeIf he had been listened to, many people believe that our country would have never got its nuclear bomb.ETHICAL IMPLICATIONSKantian ETHICSImmanuel Kant is the founder of deontological ethics. He states that ethical behaviors are those which are duty oriented. A person must perform what is his duty, not whats good. The act of Richard Barlow is justified on Kantian grounds. Sacrifice of self interest for the greater interest of the society was the act performed by Barlow.LOYAL AGENT ARGUMENTLoyal agent argument reduces an employee from being human to just being an organ of the organization. Loyalty does not imply that we have a duty to refrain from reporting the immoral actions of those to who we are loyal. An employer who is acting unethical is not acting in his own best interests and an employee is not acting disloyally in blowing the whistle.LEGAL PROTECTION TO WHISTLE BLOWERSOne of the early laws that protected whistleblowers was the 1863 United StatesFalse Claims Act(revised in 1986), which tried to counter fraud by the US government during theCivil War.Under the beginning(a) and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, state and local government bureaucrats are prohibited from opposing whistleblowers. Boards like Civil Service Reform Act are createdWhistle blowing has deceased high tech therefore steps are taken to ensure safety of them. There are different websites available which guide employees on ethical issues like national whistle blowing centre(NWC)Federal (equal employment opportunity) laws also have protection provisions for whistle blowers. If you observe aprohibited discriminationagainst employees you may report the concerned authorities.Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan has stated the unavailability of protection to whistle blowers and lack of transparency as the major causes of corruption in our state. Therefore, it has created an interface in the form of Freedom of Information Bill 2008.SummarizingWh istleblowers not only provide the initial stimulus for improving organization efficiency and effectiveness, but also they are often the source of solutions to organization problems (Miceli et al., 1991).Whistle blower observes a dilemma between serving as a loyal agent and preventing social harm. This implies that he should reconcile his own interest with the general interest of the organization. Utilitarian considerations therefore cannot furnish a definitive guide in this context.Whistle blowing must be institutionalized. This means that there must be a set of procedures for employees to report the fraud internally before they raise the matter in the outside world

Homosexuality In Dead Dreams Of Monochrome Men

Homo finishual activity In Dead Dreams Of Monochrome MenIn this essay I am issue to look at the melt Dead Dreams of Monochrome Men (Dead Dreams) by Lloyd Newson, performed by the Physical theater Company DV8. I will focus on the way fearlessness is represented within the military personnel.I will thusly look at the do work of the playwright Oscar Wilde (1854 -1900) and the painter Francis Bacon (1909 -1992) in order to realize how homosexuality was represented within their finesse and make comparisons with Dead Dreams of Monochrome Men. I will get word to show how the representation of homosexuality within art at diametrical cartridge holders reflects the prevailing attitudes towards homosexuality of the time.I will examine how each mechanic use upd their creativity to put forward ideas and messages close to their personalised experience of homosexuality, and the extent to which this was influenced by the society in which they lived. Although these artists lived i n different eras I consider they sh ard a similar attitude to the pain, trauma and frustration that homosexuals were forced to feel when existing within a society which regarded their natural sexual orientation with bias and lack of understanding.Homosexuality was a pitiful offence in the UK until 1967. Before this date homosexuals could be im pris mavend gay males had to risk various punish handsts from society for their behaviour which was non condoned by the establish manpowert.Because of this many homosexuals watch conflict either to not follow their natural sexual desires and live a lie, of follow them and risk exposure as a criminal and by chance plane up prison.This forced homosexuals into a world of guilt and secrecy which is still resounding within homosexual culture today.Even though attitudes towards homosexuality rear be said to me to a longer extent(prenominal) liberal today, for many people homosexuals are still strongly associated with unnatural acts and p erversion not just on an several(prenominal) basis barely also be institutions such(prenominal) as the Catholic Church.2 Dead Dreams of Monochrome MenIn 1986, Lloyd Newson formed the Physical Theatre Company DV8 and he is the main choreographer of DV8s work. Newson is renowned for exploring and attacking the forbidden in an attempt to ch all in allenge societys views of various issues and, in particular, homosexuality. Newson addresses the distance created by mainstream or not bad(p) society which pushes homosexuals to the fringes. (Hutera, 83, 2008)Newson has situated his sexualized politics into the body of his works. (Reynolds, 2009, online)Interestingly, before Newson made his way into the art world with DV8, he trained as a therapist. Perhaps in his therapeutic work he was able to identify with the struggles of the other minorities who experienced prejudice that he would have encountered people who experienced great personal problems or behavioural addiction problems which may have made them feel like after-school(prenominal)rs.Newson is obviously a highly political person who does not shy outside(a) from pushing the boundaries to achieve his artistic and political objectives.DV8 Physical Theatres work is slightly taking risks, aesthetically and physically, about breaking depressed the barriers between dance, theatre and personal politics and, above all, communicating ideas and feelings clearly and unpretentiously. It is determined to be radical yet accessible, and to take its work to as wide an audience as possible.(DV8, 2010, online)to begin with premiered as a stage piece on 5th October 1988, Dead Dreams of Monochrome Men was the first-class honours degree stage piece by DV8 to be reworked and change for film (in 1990). My impressions of the piece are based on this film, directed by David Hinton, rather than the stage performance.Dead Dreams of Monochrome Men is divided into ten different pieces, involving a cast of four male terpsichoreans, (including Lloyd Newson himself), conveying the alienation of homosexual males and the deionisation of homosexual thirsts.(Hutera, 83, 2008)The work is said to be inspired by the serial slayer Dennis Nielsen, a man sentenced to behavior imprisonment in 1983 after murdering fifteen male homosexuals. Newsons decision to use Dennis Nielsen within this piece could be regarded as strike as Nielsen could be seen to represent the seediest, intimately violent and sadistic aspects of homosexuality rather than its more acceptable bet. For me this shows Newsons honesty in not backing out-of-door from difficult issues.However while violence is always imminent in this work, the choreographer and director also focus on the unexpected tenderness of four men who are too desperate to control their needs to suppress their attention, (Ney, 2001, online)Through the choices made in terms of movement, tv camera, music and set in Dead Dreams, the fear suggested is of the sexual desire between the four dancers, who are battling with themselves and those around them. Newson is suggesting that homosexuals feel a need to try and suppress their desire, because of the harsh world they live in.Although homosexuality is treated far more openly within U.K. society than ever before, it is still tinged with danger and fear, perhaps echoing its past and the impact that prohibition and prejudice still have on homosexual culture.Newson made known that the production loved to assault middle England prejudices and use shock as a major(ip) tactic. (Brown, 2003, online)Newson was one of the first artists, not just in dance but across all art, to not feel the need to try and hide or tone down the homosexuality in his work. Newson was not afraid to use real male bodies, show you the real trim on skin come through and let you know that homosexuality is what you were beingness witness to.The use of camera in Dead Dreams of Monochrome Men brings the audience face to face with the gay relations hips between dancers. Throughout the piece the camera zooms in on close-ups of skin to skin wrap up. For example a duet in the second piece device shows us a moment where two dancers are stood one in front of the other. The dancer behind reaches around the dancers body in front and lifts his jersey (a popular item of clothing among gays) to viewing his head. Using his hands he then slowly and lightly explores the surface of his skin around his abdominal and pectoral area.At the culmination of this, the camera slowly zooms onto the dancers stomach and all we can see is this hand to stomach contact. The use of close up by the camera gives us no choice but to be confronted with this idea of intimacy between the dancers, emphasising the importance of this cipherry to the piece, and the overall work. Suddenly the hand slaps the stomach and the piece finishes. The slap communicates to me a feeling of forbidden, that the touching between the two is wrong.Whilst we are shown the close up camera shot of the hand to stomach contact, there are short snaps of another dancer who is positioned to the side of the duet. This dancer is crouched tensely over with this body, with his mouth pushed wide open, every limb, and finger to neck is stiff and contracted. The dancer appears anguish and frustrated. The fact that we are unable to hear any scream which you feel he is desperately trying to project, communicates that he may be a symbolicalal reference to the silent frustration mat by many homosexuals who feel they need to live in denial of their sexuality.There are many moments in Dead Dreams that contrast what we see on the outside of the dancers with what they are feeling on the at heart. Newson has created moments which make us cypher there is more to the dancers than what is being envisioned on the surface, that an act is being put on.For example, in piece four I just want to be with you we have the but moment in the whole work where a dancer speaks. A man (pe rhaps representing Nielsen) is sat smoking, looking at us through the camera and speaking as though he were trying to chat us up in a bar. The smoke illusion and the steadiness of his voice communicate an impression of calmness.However, about vanadium metres in the distance behind this man we see another male figure, squashed between two walls. As the dancer speaks the male behind moves in a fidgety manor within his small space, as if trying to find a position that is lucky. As the conversation builds and the sentences become longer and more personal, the dancers movements becomes bigger and more frantic, suggesting that perhaps the dancers are actually different sides of the same person.This scene appears to be metaphoric. Newson may be trying to say that however comfortable gay men appear to be on the outside, there is still a lack of confidence inside.DV8 aims to connect the world outside with the world inside or, if you like, the personal with the political. Even though thei r focus is on the body in action, they use whatever means they need to achieve that connection dance, acting, circus, film, whatever. The message matters more than the medium.(2008, Roy, online)Silence is used very effectively throughout Dead Dreams. The use of silence at moments modifys the audience to hear the breathing of the dancers. In Piece iv the dancers breathing speeds up as another dancer walks towards him, getting closer and closer. The breathing increases even more as that dancer then makes body contact with him, hand to his neck. By the intensity of the breathing we can sense a strong feeling of the nervousness and perhaps lack of trust he feels about the situation.This idea of trust between two dancers is bought up again later in the work, in a more symbolic and obvious way. Piece sestet called Falling Down involves a moment when one dancer is dropping himself from a ladder onto another dancer who is supposed to catch and break his fall. The dancer falls testing th eir trust, three times. First from a height of about two metres, the next as high as four metres, but then on the third drop, he is willing to fall from a height of about ten feet. The dancer beneath walks away, but the dancer drops himself anyway, perhaps suggesting that even those who you have grown used to trusting always have the capacity to let you down again echoing the Nielsen story as he first befriended his victims before killing them.Filmed in starkly lit, anguish- and muscle-enhancing discolor and etiolate, Dead Dreams looks like a living George Platt Lynes photograph set in a fevered, prison like bar world, pulsating with wordless sexual narratives, twitchy erotic appetites and well-shorn, hunky men. (From Video Cover). Is this prison supposed to represent another world, homosexuality from which there is no escape?In Piece Five, Drum and Dance for the first time we see the outside of the prison. A protected barred window, through which a bright light shines through (as if suggesting a happier place) into the dark and eerie box in which the four males seem trapped. A desire to reach for this light is suggested as the three dancers each try individually to get out of the window, a teasing four metres above their heads. They soon think of using each other to help reach up to the window, and start co-operating to the point of climbing up one anothers backs to standing on bring ups. (An example of the physical skill demand in DV8s movement material).Perhaps Newson is suggesting that only if homosexuals work together can they fight prejudice and negativity? How there needs to be a strong sense of unity amongst homosexuals, based on their shared experiences of alienation and rejection.In the third piece The Pedestal Newson again seems to address the issue of denial. A male dancer is sitting on the shoulder of another male dancer. The dancer carrying the other walks non stop in a circle for about three minutes. Obviously the weight of carrying a whole m ales body, in particular on just one shoulder is very demanding, and so he struggles to walk around upright and soon becomes pushed to a crouch. The way the dancer fights for as long as he possibly can, could be taken to suggest the idea of a homosexual in denial. How the weight of going against what is such a natural part of you can been very hard, and will eventually crush (kill?) you.In an interview with the telegraph, Newson speaks about his beliefs and his position as a homosexual artist. He explains, I am a politician already. Battling with the politics of dance, and the politics of life. If I can carry on those battles with a loudspeaker- which you can do when you have association that gives unexclusive performances then I will. DV8 is my loudspeaker The direct line between what we felt and what we showed we felt irascible, we showed anger immediately. And it got to a point when we burned ourselves out. (Brown, 2003, online)Dead Dreams is a powerful work that draws you into the world of the homosexual and confronts you with your own prejudices. It has an integrity based on what one feels to be the gritty truth about the negative attitudes and insecurities regarding homosexuality which Newson obviously still feel permeate U.K. society today and the dangers that many homosexuals still face because of this.3 Oscar WildeOscar Wilde was a successful poet and playwright who produced most of his work in the late 19th century.The Victorian society in which Wilde lived stressed the need for family values and a faithful religious way of life. Although everyone knew that homosexuality existed most pretended to not know anything about it and homosexuals were forced to live secret lives.Homosexuals came mainly from the upper and middle classes and had both the financial and social life to enable them to engage in homosexual activities. (Hilliard, 1982, online) Many were married and lived double lives and were flamboyantly dressed.During the 1880s and 90s socie ties attitudes towards homosexuality changed significantly. What before was thought of as sinful behaviour, views of homosexuality modify into believing it was nothing but a sickness. (Hilliard, 1982, online)However the Labouchre Amendment of the Criminal Law Act of 1885 criminalised all homosexual acts by males in private and public, and this polity eventually led to Oscar Wilde being prosecuted. (Hilliard, 1982, online)Oscar Wilde was one of the many homosexuals who lived a double life. Wilde appeared to adhere to Victorian values by marrying and having two sons, prior to acknowledging that he was in fact a homosexual. However the pressures of living a lie eventually caught up with Wilde and when he left his wife he returned to Oxford and the company of his friends from the upper classes and began boozing heavily and living a more openly homosexual lifestyle, including a very public affair with a member of the British aristocracy (Lord Alfred Douglas). shortly after he was arres ted, tried and sentenced to two years had labour for his homosexuality. (Moonstruck, online)Through his work Wilde was able to secretly convey his views, by creating a somewhat coded terminology which laid as a discreet undertone to his work. When you were aware of the secret messages Wilde had put into his work (which had reference to homosexuality), messages that lay deeper beneath the rich colour and beauty, the public would be witness to a whole different play. (Coren, 94, 1997)Homosexual undertones in Wildes writings, particularly in his novel, were used against him and helped send him to jail.His play The Importance of Being keen Wilde directly addresses the theme of dual identities. The plays two main characters are seen to be engaged in bunburying, which in the play is seen to refer to having one identity in London and another in the country. This was shown in the play as allowing them to escape Victorian social mores. This was taken by many to be a metaphor for the double life many homosexuals were living at the time.(SOURCE MENDELSHON, DANIEL THE TWO OSCAR WILDES, tonic YORK REVIEW OF BOOKS, VOLUME 49, NUMBER 15 10 OCTOBER 2002).Some commentators have suggested that bunburying was a slang terms for homosexual sex and that earnest was often used as a code word for homosexual as in is he earnest?During his trials, Wildes own homosexual undertones in his writings, particularly in his I Wilde was also explicit in his only novel, Dorian Gray where the male writer says of his first meeting with the lead character for the first time. I knew that I had come face to face with someone whose mere personality was so gripping that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself.This description of one man falling in love with another was felt to be shocking at the time of the books publication.Oscar Wilde was forced to hide his homosexuality behind layers of inference and disguise. He was terrified of revealing h is homosexuality because he knew that he would be alienated and ostracised from the society. (Rader, online)Oscar Wilde was a prime example of how the negative attitudes towards homosexuality lead to secrecy and denial and that this can ultimately prove to be personally disastrous for the individual concerned.4 Francis BaconBorn in Ireland in 1910, living until 1992, Francis Bacon was voted the most important living artist in the world. His influence and popularity amongst society cannot be denied as during the early twentieth century he existed as the highest selling living painter. Bacon was a painter of figures, (mainly portraits studies), often using an easel and canvas to create a roughly textured surface of oil paints.Working only from photographs, Bacon would transfer the figure he sees in this stimulus, to a figure motley on canvas. Francis Bacon was an artist who never tried to flatter the sitters he mixed, but rather reflected his take on gentle existence. (Peppiatt 23 3, 2009), (Fifield, online)There is a clear theme that runs through all of Bacons works, the theme of distortion, the breaking up of the human body. For example in Bacons Portrait of Michel Leiris (1976) and Francis Bacon Self Portrait (1978).Francis Bacons homosexuality was no secret in his career. The death of Bacon at the age of 82 in 1992 stands as a significant moment, a turning point, in our understanding not only of the concept of ottoman, but of how artists felt able to operate if they were to be both true to themselves yet find a measure of acceptance in a society by and spectacular hostile to homosexual expression. (1996, Cooper, online)Francis Bacon considered himself to be a queer homosexual and did not want to be known as a gay, as he did not like the word. In the old fashioned sense when queer was a term of abuse, a recognition and disapproval by society of divergent sexual tastes. There is that suggests Bacon was moved by the ideas and theories of gay liberation, bu t rather that the movement brought an unwelcome intrusion in what he regarded as his private life. At the time of the Stonewall riots in 1969, he was nearly 60 and his lifestyle was resolutely pre-liberationist in style and attitude. To change this would have involved great effort on his part. Going public, would not have seemed the thing to do at a time when his international reputation was well established. (1996, Cooper, online)It is obvious that Francis Bacon addresses homosexuality in his work, with paintings such as Study for Nude (1951) which involves male naked bodies intimately entwined, but he never spoke directly about it, and in particular would never speak of his personal relations that he wanted to remain completely private in attempt to not influence or detract from him being seen as an artist.The label gay was seen by many like Bacon, as a term just as abusive as Nigger. There were many liberations around during the later part of his life and represented a shift in h omosexual lifestyle and its public persona. Bacon did not want to change his image and face the consequences of this from the public towards his work.Bacon produced most of his best work in the period after the Second World War, with his breakthrough piece Three Studies for Figures at the mingy of a Crucifixion being painted in 1944. The immediate post war period was when society was very much about returning to family life and this can be seen through British and American films of the time. At this time it was very risky to divulge your homosexuality to others not only because it was illegal but also because it was not accepted. This would have led to feelings of isolation for many homosexuals.Even though society was becoming more tolerant of homosexuality, there was still great reluctance by homosexuals to trust others and discuss their sexuality, even with their families. At that time, men in this situation often referred to their doctors for help, and this occasionally led to m edication or even psychiatric referrals to change their behaviour.Bacons unresolved matter was often autobiographical, reflecting the intimate and often anguished relationships he experienced.Despite Bacons use of distortion in his works, it is clear to see that the great predominant sex of his figures were male, and naked. When these naked figures in his works are involved in very close bodily contact, with entwined limbs where they are almost painted as one body, it is hard to not see Bacons work as greatly personal and specifically relatable to his sexuality.Yet by the late sixties Bacon had accurate some of his queerest paintings. The relatively straightforward image Study from the Human Body (1949), of a naked man behind a transparent curtain is aesthetical and enticing, offering a glimpse of some quiet, personal moment.An interesting choice that Bacon makes when displaying his final art pieces, is he demands that a glass cover be placed on top of his work, and with all aspe cts of art, everything is done for a reason. Is Bacons aim to create a reflection of the onlooker into the paintings too? Are we meant to look at ourselves and think of how we see ourselves in the painting?Bacon was probably the greatest British painter of the 20th century, and although he did not like to talk about his homosexuality directly, there is no doubt that his work brought homosexuality into the daylight and it was because of artists such as Bacon and others that the Sexual Offences Act 1967 Act which decriminalised homosexuality was passed.5 Comparisons and ContrastsDead Dreams of Monochrome men is shot in black and white, with dim lighting, creating a set of eeriness and little distraction. Francis Bacons works have the same effect, from his use of mainly black and white and other deep shades in his work, for example Three Studies for Figures at the base of a Crucifixion (1944).Bacons figurative and portrait paintings lack strong backgrounds, and thereby bring the main f ocus of his works, the figures, through as the strongest and most powerful detail. For instance in Bacons famous Self-Portrait (1971) he uses just a plain black painted background. In effect the mixture of blue, red and white tones that he has used to create the face, really emphasise and draw you in to these unusual skin colours.Similarly to pieces in Dead Dreams of Monochrome Men, as an audience we cannot help but be put in the position of being face to face with the shockingly suggestive gay relations. These artists are not afraid to use the naked body in their work, and feel no need to try to cover up or tone down the intensity of their work in doing so, just because of the shocked, some maybe disgusted, reaction we may have.Although Bacon uses the naked body, through lightheaded outlines of the figures, the use of distance and blending, the naked figures in his works are created in a way that they do not hit you as much as Newsons figures. For example in Two figures (1953), wh ich involves two male figures lying on a bed embraced, Bacon has used vertical brushstrokes that blend the black background in with the figures heads and body. You can be pretty sure that these two figures are male, however by Bacons technique here there is a possibility that he could suggest that they are not, and that it is just your interpretation.I wonder does Bacon want the society to see homosexuals firstly as human being and their sexuality second. Whereas Newson aims for society to understand that human beings cannot be let outd by their sexuality?In Dead Dreams, Newsons choice of props have been used effectively in terms of representing or having symbolic meaning by being put into a very plain and simple background. The same effect exists in some of Bacons pieces. Because of his plain backgrounds which exist as a running style through his paintings, when he involves an object it stands out as significant, and it can only be being used for a dear(p) reason. In Bacons Stud y for Crouching Nude, an outline of what appears to be a glass-like box which stands around the figure is painted. Is this glass meant to create an enclosed space the figure is stuck in? Meant to separate us from the figure?Matched by how the figure is hunched over in front of us and positioned in a crouch, the figure almost become animalistic, monkey-like. DV8 use the same idea of an enclosed setting around their male dancers a prison which they try to escape from. It could be said that the DV8 figures push the boundaries of humanity by such challenging and original movement. Are Newson and Bacon suggesting that sex is, at its most basic level, an animal act?Maybe they believe gays that suppress their feelings about their sexuality can turn into animals? Newsom could also be suggesting a link to the reaction of society towards the Dennis Nielsen case, as many people described him as an animal.Bacon often aimed to salute the human body as meat. An example of this is in his paintin g George Dyer in a mirror created in 1963, where the reflection in a mirror which is painted next to Dyers face reflects a further distortion which looks like slabs of meat. Perhaps Bacon was suggesting that if you see the human body as a slab of meat you do not see it as having any feelings and this is further suggested by the violence that runs through the image, which is enhanced by Bacons use of harsh brushstrokes.I do not believe that Bacon was as interested in challenging or expressing his views on homosexuality as much as Newson, as he was never an activist. And perhaps because of his associations with queer or camp effeminate homosexuals, he did not feel the need to strive for an acknowledgement that would eventually lead to move fundamental changes in society, (such as the civil ceremonies and legal right).His association with the art establishment would also have provided him with many influential friends and he may not have felt he was in a minority or an outsider.However I do believe that they both were interested in making reference to the suffering and effectuate homosexuals experienced by the discrimination they receive, and strove to communicate their experiences honestly in their art.6 ConclusionsIt is no surprise that both Lloyd Newsons, Francis Bacons and to some extent Oscar Wildes homosexual referenced work received objections from many members in society.For example, Margaret Thatcher, Tory Prime Minister, described Francis Bacon as that artist who paints those horrible pictures. A well known philistine Thatchers artistic interests seem to be limited to collecting pretty ceramic figurines the remark could be read as referring to both Bacons often violent style of painting and to his usual subject of the interaction between two men, which in Bacons view was neither affectionate nor relaxed but turbulent and traumatic. (1996, Cooper, online)Protests of the openness and public support of acknowledging homosexuality inside and outside of t he arts have always occurred. DV8 are one of many to be the creators of art which has provoked these objectors.The Sunday Mirror gave DV8 a massive leg-up. Gay sex orgy on TV shrieked the headline for their story on the screening of Dead Dreams of Monochrome Men, prompting a flood of complaints to the TV network, angry questions in parliament by Tory MPs and a huge surge in DV8s viewing figures.(2008, Roy, online)This still exists today, only last year ago one of the dance works shown at the production of In the Spirit of Diagalev at Sadlers Wells, bought protestors both inside and outside the dance theatre, over its explicitness about sex, homosexuality and the closeness further with the Catholic Church.Conservative elements within society seemed to worry that if sexuality could be questioned then what else could? What could homosexuality lead to? Would control even break down?Although Newson has been more willing to discuss how life and work than Bacon or Wilde, they all shared a need to express their ideas without being restrained by societys reactions to their work. This took sizable bravery the bravery to create art which was so out there for its day meant risk. And without artists taking risks everything will stagnate.I SUGGEST FINISHING HERENEWI believe that the fact all three of these artist were homosexual are of great importance to their work. I believe if they were not, these works would most apt(predicate) never of been made, as I am sure it was their experiences as homosexuals, and the hitting of nerves by a harsh society, that encouraged their art.Art always has and I believe will always be a substance of the artists feelings, as what is so beautiful about art, is its ability to be an expressional form.

Television and Media Essay - Children and TV Violence :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Children and Television Violence The children of America spend their judgment of conviction on many different minuteivities.One of the most time consuming activities is watching television. Televisionplays a large role in the social and emotional development of children today.One good quality that television has is that it conveys study andhappenings around the world that they may not otherwise know about, but somepeople have been questioning whether television does more harm than good. many a(prenominal)have been analyzing what affect violence in adult shows as well as childrensshows may have on children. near parents allow their children to watch so called kids showswithout even thinking about what might be contained within them. How many timeshas a certain hunter been seen hunting a certain wascally wabbit? Most peoplewould say how can a cartoon about a man hunting affect a child? At first itmay seem that it has no effect, but, looking closer, it is easy to see that BugsBunn y has many human traits. Two of these traits are speaking English andwalking upright. Something else that adds to this is that sometimes childrencannot defend the distinction between fantasy and reality. Quickly a cartoonabout a man hunting a rabbit can turn into a twaddle of murder. Another cartooncharacter that may harm children is Yosimite Sam. When he becomes angry, hebegins to fire his pair of guns into the air and at other characters. Thiscould cause children to act violently to appease their anger. This includeshitting and throwing things. This is an extreme view of the situation, but whois to say that at least part of it is not true? Children see violence universal in their cartoons, but what about showsthat they watch in which people star. These shows will more than likely causemore violence than cartoons would. While watching a show such as MightyMorphin Power Rangers a child sees almost 30 minutes of non-stop fighting. Theshow also has a fantasy story that appeals to c hildren. After watching the show,a child may become bored because the reality of the television show is moreinteresting. The child then imitates what was seen on television. This iswhere the echt violence may begin. Adult shows and movies that are seen bychildren could have even worse effects than childrens shows. In one documentedcase, a Californian male child that was seven years old watched a movie one night. Inthe movie, a man put glass into soup that a colleague of his was to eat.

King Lears Transition in Shakespeares Play, King Lear Essay -- King

baron Lears Transition in Shakespeares Play, King LearIn the athletics King Lear, by William Shakespeare, the main character, Lear, takes the audience through his journey toward his enlightenment. At the beginning of the play Lear appears to be an arrogant man who is too much of the flesh. He associates money and power with love and respect. Thus, when Lear has given all this material possessions to his daughters, Goneril and Regan, he begins his long journey of self discovery. Through an analysis of two passages, one keep suppose the transition of Lear from a man blinded by the flesh to a caring and compassionate madman that sees the right. The first passage comes from act I, prospect iv. Lears arrogance is illustrated in this passage as he commands nature to make Goneril infertile Dry up in her organs of increase, / And from her derogate body never spring / A babe to honour her... (I.iv.245-258). As Lear speaks angrily to an external subject, nature, he is really speaking an grily inwardly to his subconscious. As seen in Oedipus Rex, the actualisation of a truth is very painful process and often brings out strong emotions such as anger. Usually the truth is presented to a character in small increments so as not to overwhelm the character. Thus, the anger displayed by Lear is a reflection of the pain he feels from his daughters betrayal. The contrary of this is found in the secondly passage. In this scene the audience is shown humble Lear. When he says Let copulation thrive for Gloucesters bastard son / Was kinder to his father than my daughters / Got tween the lawful sheets. / Tot luxury, pell-mell for I pretermit soldiers. (IV.vi.110-114). This supports that Lear is much humbler. As seen in the first excerpt, Lear command... ...ence to better understand the nature of Lear That is, what is going on inside him. Through these two passages, one can see the changes in Lears language and the imagery he conveys about nature. These changes are a representa tion of Lears transformation from a sane man, blinded of the truth, to a madman, closer to the truth than any sane man. This study supports that Lears character has made a significant advance in his journey towards the truth. Works Cited Clemen, Wolfgang. The Development of Shakespeares Imagery. New York, NY, USAMethuen & Co. 1977.Shakespeare. King Lear. Elements of Literature. Ed. Robert Scholes, Nancy Comley, Carl H. Klaus, and David Staines. Toronto Oxford University Press, 1990. Young, David. Shakespeares Tragedies - A Collection of Critical Essays.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1993.